A narrative review on lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles for geriatric oncology: advancing drug delivery in the aging population

Majeed, Asma1,*; Khan, Mehran1; Hanan, Hanasul2; Hameed, Yasir3,*; Zafar, Tehreem2

1Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan

2Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan

3Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, and Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan

*Correspondence to: Asma Majeed, PhD, asmamajeed443@gmail.com; Yasir Hameed, PhD, yasirhameed2011@gmail.com.

Abstract

Aging is accompanied by a multitude of physiological changes that significantly impact drug pharmacokinetics and dynamics, posing unique challenges in cancer treatment. Developments in nanotechnology have been crucial to fight against cancer. Lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles have emerged as a novel nanomedicine platform designed to enhance the efficacy and safety of chemotherapeutic agents, particularly in the aging population. The adoption of nanostructures and their uses in clinical development to enhance and boost the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics characteristics of medicinal substances have also been documented. Liposomes and nanoparticles are extensively utilized in cancer therapy, but are associated with multifaceted drawbacks such as high instability, quick drug release, low biocompatibility, limited drug loading capacity, and unsuitability for large-scale manufacturing. Lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles, which combine the benefits of lipid- and polymer-based nanocarriers, have been created to get around these restrictions. Additionally, lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles are now used for combinatorial and active targeted drug delivery, as well as the delivery of genetic materials, diagnostic imaging agents, and vaccines in addition to single drug delivery for anticancer therapy. This narrative review provides an in-depth analysis of the structural elucidation, classification, preparation process, and use of lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles in cancer treatment and drug delivery in older patients.

应用于老年肿瘤的脂质聚合物混合纳米粒子：改进老龄人群药物递送方式的叙述性综述

摘要

衰老伴随着多种生理变化，对药物的药代动力学和动力学产生重大影响，给癌症治疗带来了独特的挑战。纳米技术的发展对抗击癌症至关重要。脂质聚合物杂化纳米粒子（LPHNPs）已成为一种新型纳米药物平台，旨在提高化疗药物的疗效和安全性，尤其是在老年人群中。采用纳米结构并将其用于临床开发以增强和提高药物的药代动力学和药效学特性也有文献记载。脂质体和纳米颗粒在癌症治疗中得到了广泛应用，但也存在多方面的缺点，如不稳定性高、药物释放快、生物相容性差、载药量有限、不适合大规模生产等。脂质-聚合物杂化纳米颗粒（LPHNPs）结合了脂质纳米载体和聚合物纳米载体的优点，因此应运而生。此外，除了用于抗癌治疗的单一药物输送外，LPHNPs 现在还用于组合和活性靶向药物递送，以及遗传物质、诊断成像剂和疫苗的递送。此综述介绍了 LPHNPs 的结构阐明、分类、制备过程以及在癌症治疗和老年患者药物递送中的应用潜力。