Effects of animal-derived peptides on aging-related diseases: a narrative review

Liu, Tianyuan1; Song, Xiangchun2; Dai, Xiaowei3; Ma, Haoxin1; Muhammad, Akmal4; He, Zhongmei5,*; Zhao, Kui6,*

1College of Chinese Materia Medica, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China

2Department of Gastroenterology, Jilin Provincial People’s Hospital, Jilin Province, China

3Reproductive Medical Center, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China

4Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan

5Engineering Research Center of Efficient Sika Deer Breeding and Product Development Technology in Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin Province, China

6School of Nursing, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China

*Correspondence to: Zhongmei He, MD, heather78@126.com; Kui Zhao, MD, zhaok06@ynucm.edu.cn.

Abstract

For many years, aging has been considered a pathological process that is prone to cause many diseases, and the term “aging-related diseases” has recently emerged. There are co-mechanisms between aging and the pathogenesis of these diseases, including stress adaptation, loss of protein balance, stem cell depletion, metabolic disorders, macromolecular damage, epigenetic modifications, and inflammatory responses. In the aging process of the human body, the accumulation of molecular, cellular and organ damage induces a series of diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, nervous system diseases, and metabolic diseases. In recent years, the growing aging population has led to increasingly serious age-related health challenges, creating an urgent need to identify therapeutic agents that can effectively delay or even treat aging-related diseases. Animal medicine is an important source of traditional Chinese medicine, especially peptide components, the common substances in animal medicine, which have good anti-tumor, anti-thrombosis, and hypoglycemic effects; enhance the immunity in the elderly; and have anti-neurosenescence, anti-skin aging, cardiovascular protection, anti-fatigue, anti-osteoporosis and arthritis and other pharmacological effects, which can alleviate or even treat aging-related diseases in a targeted manner. The potential of animal-derived polypeptides in this regard needs to be further explored. Therefore, this review focuses on the pharmacological activity of animal-derived polypeptides against aging-related diseases, thereby providing ideas for pharmacological research and product development of animal drugs.

动物源性多肽对衰老相关疾病的影响：叙述性综述

摘要

多年来，人们一直认为衰老是一个病理过程，容易引发多种疾病，近年来出现了 “衰老相关疾病 ”这一术语。衰老与这些疾病的发病机制有共同之处，包括应激适应、蛋白质失去平衡、干细胞耗竭、代谢紊乱、大分子损伤、表观遗传修饰和炎症反应等。在人体衰老过程中，体内分子、细胞和器官损伤的积累会诱发一系列疾病，如自身免疫性疾病、心血管疾病、神经系统疾病、代谢性疾病等。近年来，随着老年人口的不断增加，衰老带来的问题也日益严重，人们迫切需要寻找能够有效延缓甚至治疗衰老相关疾病的物质。动物药是中药的重要来源之一，尤其是动物药中的常见物质--肽类成分，具有良好的抗肿瘤、抗血栓、降血糖、增强老年人免疫力、抗神经衰老、抗皮肤老化、心血管保护、抗疲劳、抗骨质疏松症和关节炎等药理作用，可以有针对性地缓解甚至治疗衰老相关疾病，动物源性多肽在这方面的潜力有待进一步挖掘。因此，文章重点综述了动物源性多肽对衰老相关疾病的药理活性，希望能为动物药物的药理研究和产品开发提供思路。