Ionotropic glycine receptor in nonexcitable cells in regenerative medicine: a narrative review

Al-Halboosi, Dhamyaa Abed Najm1,2; Savchenko, Olena3; Sylantyev, Sergiy1,4

1Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK

2Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq

3Department of Biotechnology, National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky KPI”, Kyiv, Ukraine

4Biological Department, Odesa National Mechnikov University, Odesa, Ukraine

*Correspondence to: Sergiy Sylantyev, PhD, s.sylantyev@abdn.ac.uk.

#Both authors contributed equally to this work.

Funding: This work was supported by Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council grant BB/V016849/1 (to SS) and the University of Anbar (Iraq) Research Scholarship (to DANA).

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Regenerative Medicine Reports 1(1):p 2-11, September 2024. | DOI: 10.4103/REGENMED.REGENMED-D-24-00002

Abstract

The vast majority of ionotropic glycine receptor research has historically concentrated on receptor function in neurons and, to a somewhat lesser extent, in myocytes. However, an ever-increasing volume of experimental data indicates the important role of glycine receptor in cytoprotective and modulatory effects in nonexcitable cells and tissues. The key mechanisms underlying these glycine receptor effects are connected to the regulation of the electrical potential of the plasmalemma, Ca2+ influx from the extracellular media, and Ca2+ efflux from the endoplasmic reticulum. These mechanisms trigger a complex network of biochemical signaling pathways that, in turn, partially regulate glycine receptor activity. In addition, glycine effects in several cell types suggest the existence of modulatory signaling chains of a yet unknown nature. Taken together, these findings clearly demonstrate the important role of the glycine receptor in understudied (although widespread) molecular and cellular mechanisms of potentially high significance. Therefore, we provide a brief review of glycine receptor effects on different types of nonexcitable cells, and we believe that targeting glycine receptor in nonexcitable cells is a potential strategy for regenerative medicine in the clinic.

不可兴奋细胞中的离子甘氨酸受体在再生医学和组织工程研究中的意义：叙述性综述

摘要

绝大多数离子型甘氨酸受体的研究集中于该受体在神经元中的功能，其次是在肌细胞中的功能。然而，越来越多的实验数据表明，甘氨酸受体对不可兴奋细胞和组织的细胞保护和调节作用具有重要作用。这些甘氨酸受体作用的关键机制与质膜电位的调节、细胞外介质中 Ca2+ 的流入以及内质网中 Ca2+ 的流出有关。这些机制触发了复杂的生化信号通路网络，进而部分调节甘氨酸酶的活性。此外，甘氨酸在几种细胞类型中的作用表明，存在着性质尚不清楚的调节信号链。总之，这些事实清楚地表明，甘氨酸还在未被充分研究（尽管广泛存在）的分子和细胞机制中发挥着重要作用，具有潜在的重大意义。因此，文章总结了甘氨酸受体在不可兴奋细胞中的作用，并认为靶向不可兴奋细胞的甘氨酸受体推动再生医学和组织工程研究进一步临床转化的潜在策略。